Bulletin of criminological association of Ukraine

CRIMINOLOGY OF WAR: CONTENT AND CONCEPTUAL BASIS OF FORMATION

V.V. SOKURENKO — Sun, 22 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0300

The article is devoted to the development of a scientific understanding of the criminology of war as an integrative direction of criminological research and the practice of combating crime based on it. It aims at the epistemological specification and applied institutionalization of relevant intellectual and direct criminal preventive practices in order to reduce the frequency of reproduction of armed conflicts and the intensity of violations of fundamental human rights. occurring in their context. The author's vision of the subject of criminology of war was formed, according to which 10 basic components were distinguished: war as a social-political, collective-psychological phenomenon; criminological phenomenology of war (criminal war and war crimes); determination of war crimes; the identity of the criminal; mechanism of individual criminal behavior; victims of war (criminological victimology of war); criminological phenomenology and determination of war-related criminal offenses; combating war crimes and war-related criminal offences; criminological provision of transitional justice; criminological phenomenology, determination and counteraction to global criminal and criminogenic effects of armed conflict. A description and explanation of each of them is provided.

CRIMINAL LIABILITY FOR VARIOUS MANIFESTATIONS OF COLLABORATIONISM: PROBLEMS OF LAW ENFORCEMENT

A.M. YASHENKO, V.V. PAVLYKIVSKYI — Sun, 22 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0300

The article discusses the novelties of criminal legislation regarding the state-power response to various manifestations of collaboration. The issues of differentiation of criminal law norms that determine criminal liability for collaborative activities in the informational, organizational, economic, service, military and other spheres, provided for by Art. 111-1 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, with the already existing provisions on liability for high treason (Article 111 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine), aiding and abetting the aggressor state (Article 111-2), justification, recognition as legitimate, denial of the armed aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine, glorification of its participants (Article 436-2 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine). Particular attention is paid to the discrepancy between the sanctions of Part 1 and Part 2 of Art. 111-1 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, the basic principles of penalization and the principles of sentencing in criminal law. Variants of elimination of contradictions arising in the process of qualification of the mentioned unlawful encroachments and individualization of means of criminal law nature for individual cases of their commission are proposed.

FEATURES OF THE DETERMINATION OF MILITARY CRIMINAL OFFENSES

O.O. AVDIEIEV, O.S. HORASH — Sun, 22 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0300

The article examines the problems of crime in the military environment, factors that contribute to the emergence of military criminal offenses, issues of prevention and the impact of such offenses on the public and trust in the Armed Forces of Ukraine. Military crimes are the serious threat to security and discipline in the military environment, and undermine confidence in military forces. The study of this topic is aimed at understanding the problem, identifying the features of the military environment that contribute to the emergence of criminal activity, developing effective strategies for crime prevention, and increasing trust in the military. It is argued that the criminality of military personnel should be included in the subject of war criminology research.

ENSURING RECOGNITION OF DIGNITY IN THE SYSTEM OF COMBATING CRIMINAL RADICALISM AMONG CONVICTS

Y.V. ORLOV, E.H. BARASH — Sun, 22 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0300

The article is devoted to a scientific analysis of the legally determined dependencies of the state of ensuring respect for the dignity of convicts and manifestations of criminal radicalism on their part. It has been established that dignity is a fundamental moral and legal category that determines the key supporting, meaningful points of the entire metaconstruct of modern secular legal understanding of any type. Inequality in ensuring proper legal mechanisms, guarantees of recognition of dignity for different categories of citizens is a significant factor of discrimination and a factor of radicalization of the environment of convicts. The state is obliged to guarantee all convicts, regardless of the type of prison, the possibility of exercising the right to respect for their dignity in terms of short-term travel outside the penal colony due to exceptional circumstances. The opinion is advocated that the introduction of changes and additions to Part 1 of Art. 111 of the CEC of Ukraine should correspond to the introduction of a legal mechanism for individual criminological prediction of the behavior of those sentenced to life imprisonment, other convicts serving their sentences in correctional colonies of the maximum security level.

DOCTRINE MODEL OF CRIMINOLOGY STRATEGY ENSURING ROAD TRAFFIC SAFETY IN UKRAINE

Y.B. DANYLCHENKO — Sun, 22 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0300

The article is devoted to the development of a doctrinal model of a criminological strategy for ensuring traffic safety and transport operation. Three main components of such a model are identified, described and explained: value-orienting, structural-functional and support component. The strategic goals, main directions and key measures of criminological security of traffic and operation of transport are described. Their list and configuration are open, can and should be supplemented in order to achieve the goal of effective countermeasures against criminal offenses against traffic safety and transport operation. The connection of this process with the implementation of the tasks of transitional justice in Ukraine is emphasized.

FEATURES OF THE DETERMINATION OF ECONOMIC CRIME IN MODERN CONDITIONS

R.V. KOBKO, S.V. LUKIANENKO — Sun, 22 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0300

In the article, based on the analysis of scientific views of scientists, the author's definition of the concept of "economic crime" is proposed. The causes and conditions that determine the occurrence of economic crime in Ukraine are singled out. It was established that economic crime is a socially dangerous phenomenon that affects not only the economic and financial state of the state and society, but also the social and political development of the country as a whole.

INFLUENCE OF ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE ON THE STATE OF ROAD TRAFFIC SAFETY

M.G. KOLODYAZHNY — Sun, 22 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0300

The article attempts to determine the role of road infrastructure in ensuring road safety and transport operation, as well as to establish the correlation between the quality of roads, the amount of their funding and the level of road safety on the example of EU countries, other states and Ukraine. The author’s understanding of road infrastructure is provided. Based on the empirical basis, the volume of investments in road infrastructure in foreign countries and Ukraine is compared. The unsatisfactory quality of roads in our country is explained. Modern progressive practice abroad regarding the construction and repair of roads is presented. The essence of the Vision Zero strategy and the directions of its implementation in Ukraine are revealed.

CRIMINOLOGY ORIENTATIONS IN THE STRATEGY OF TRANSITIONAL JUSTICE FOR UKRAINE: CARTOGRAPHY OF THE COLLECTIVE WAR TRAUMAS

Y.V. ORLOV — Sun, 22 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0300

The article is devoted to the development of criminological orientations in the strategy of transitional justice through the analysis of collective traumas of war. It has been established that war trauma is an all-encompassing socio-psychological phenomenon that reaches the deepest layers of the collective unconscious, expresses attacks on the openness of social time, on attachment, on identity and the ability to symbolize. Depending on the nature of practices and physical proximity to traumatic factors, traumatic-combat, migration-traumatic, passive-traumatic, occupation-traumatic, post-occupation-traumatic and integrated-traumatic social-activity plots are identified and characterized, within which the corresponding criminological types are formed and manifested victims: neurotic victim, aggressive victim-resentimental, victim-aggressor, monologic victim, disintegrated victim and marginal victim, neurotic victim-actionist. It has been found that each of these types has its own special content of criminogenic potential, which in one way or another is capable of being realized in violent criminal offenses, in particular, hate crimes, border crime. A three-dimensional matrix of collective war traumas is presented, which includes phenomenological-structural, functional-psychogenic, and mental-interpretive dimensions.

PRISONIZATION AS A FACTOR OF CRIMINAL RADICALISM AMONG PRISONERS

К.О. CHEREVKO — Sun, 22 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0300

The article is devoted to the study of imprisonment as a factor of criminal radicalism among convicts. It has been established that criminal radicalism among those sentenced to imprisonment is an extremely dangerous phenomenon, which, in addition to general criminal features, also has a politically destabilizing feature, which is especially acutely manifested in the conditions of the Russian-Ukrainian war. An essential factor in criminal radicalism is incarceration - a complex social phenomenon, which can be understood in two dimensions: as an internal process of fixing special criminogenic qualities in the prisoner, determined by the "prison" environment, and as an externally directed process of negative influence of convicts, released from places of deprivation of liberty, on social environment, extra-penitentiary culture, bringing to it elements of criminal, prison subculture. A significant potential for increasing the effectiveness of combating imprisonment and criminal radicalism among convicts can be seen in the transformation of both the criminal enforcement system and criminal justice as a whole, the reduction of the share of prisoners in the structure of convicts, including through the expansion of probation opportunities, active public participation.

THEORY AND PRACTICE OF ROAD SAFETY IN UKRAINE: CRIMINOLOGICAL VIEW

S.S. SHRAMKO — Sun, 22 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0300

The article is devoted to the disclosure of areas which, according to the results of scientific research, will contribute to a significant reduction of road accidents with severe consequences. These are: changes in the psychology of road users to a common understanding of the need to comply with road safety requirements and improve road culture; arrangement of transport infrastructure with due regard to safety standards; determination of the consequences and assessment of losses from road accidents; improvement of legal liability for illegal actions by road users. The analysis of practice and the results of the survey made it possible to confirm the viability of the highlighted areas.

CONTENT AND FEATURES OF CORRECTIVE WORK WITH CONVICTS OF CRIMES AGAINST PUBLIC ORDER AND MORALITY

V.Y. BOCHELYUK, S.F. DENYSOV, D.E. ZAYIKA — Sun, 22 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0300

The article is devoted to the study of the content and features of correctional work with those who have been convicted of crimes against public order and morality. The authors analyzed modern approaches to the problem and the state of scientific research on the procedure for applying and the influence of correctional programs on the possibility of convicts returning to self-directed, obedient behavior. On the basis of the conducted analysis, a methodology for diagnosing generalized semantic attitudes of offenders and instructions for its use were developed and proposed for implementation, which allows specifying a further set of measures for the social rehabilitation of persons convicted of crimes against public order and morality. The study lays the foundation for scientific research in the field of social rehabilitation of convicts. The results of the published work will be useful for practical application by employees of penal institutions and the probation service of Ukraine and can serve as a starting point for further work on improving and expanding correctional practices.

TACTICAL FEATURES OF INSPECTION OF CRIMINAL EVENTS IN A PLACES OF THE COMBAT OPERATIONS

V.V. KORNIENKO, T.I. SAVCHUK — Sun, 22 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0300

The article represents the tactics of the crime scene management and preliminary inspection of the incident of rocket attacks, explosions, destructions of civil infrastructure facilities, including death bodies. Authors conducted an overall review of modern problematic aspects of the first response police team which investigate crimes and misdemeanors in a places of military fighting. The research is focus on tactic of investigation`s inspection of criminal events, search and collecting evidences, fixing traces, video recording of the progress and results of the investigative action, pictures, scene scratches, 3D scanning, involving specialists and the use of special equipment and other criminal procedures.

THEORETICAL BASIS OF THE APPLICATION OF MEASURES TO ENSURE CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS DURING THE PRE-JUDICIAL INVESTIGATION OF CORRUPTION CRIMINAL OFFENSES

R.I. LOGIN — Sun, 22 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0300

An analysis of the state of scientific development of theoretical knowledge about measures to ensure criminal proceedings as a basis for research into the use of measures to ensure criminal proceedings during pre-trial investigation of corruption criminal offenses was carried out. An overview of modern approaches to the definition of the concept of measures of criminal proceedings, its correlation with the concept of criminal procedural coercion, the type classification of measures of criminal proceedings and their functional purpose, existing in the domestic doctrine of criminal proceedings, was given. A dialectical connection with general theoretical provisions on measures to ensure criminal proceedings and further study of the use of measures to ensure criminal proceedings during pre-trial investigation of corruption criminal offenders is determined.

ADMINISTRATIVE FORMS AND METHODS OF PREVENTING AND COUNTERING CORRUPTION IN THE PUBLIC SERVICE

Е.О. MUZYCHUK — Sun, 22 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0300

The article states that the forms of administrative activity, as well as the forms of managerial activity, find their embodiment in the activity of subjects endowed with state-authority, who act as mandatory participants in administrative-legal relations, within which administrative activity is implemented.

It is noted that when defining specific administrative forms, it is advisable to rely on the specifics of the activity of specific entities for the prevention and counteraction of corruption, among which we include the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, the National Agency for the Prevention of Corruption, the Prosecutor's Office of Ukraine, the State Bureau of Investigation, local and appellate courts, the Supreme Court of Ukraine, the High Anti-Corruption Court of Ukraine.

An author's approach to the classification of methods of combating corruption in the public service has been formed, in particular, according to the nature of the influence, we divide the methods into preventive measures, as well as repressive measures; according to the criterion of coverage - to those that operate at the individual level, as well as to those that concern the entire public service system; by time - short-term and long-term measures; by orientation - internal, as well as external; depending on the place and role in international activities - participation in international anti-corruption initiatives, adoption of international anti-corruption standards, cooperation with other countries in the field of prevention and anti-corruption; on an organizational basis - creation of independent anti-corruption bodies or services, development of ethical codes for public officials, anti-corruption exercises and trainings, creation of mechanisms for reporting and verification of financial declarations, establishment of effective monitoring tools for compliance with ethical standards.

Prospective directions for improving administrative forms and methods of countering corruption in the public service are highlighted, which include the optimization of the staff of the central apparatuses of state authorities, the implementation of digitized, transparent with maximum fixation at all stages of the competitive selection for the positions of public servants, the introduction of electronic government and electronic services.

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION UNDER MARTIAL LAW: PRINCIPLES, FEATURES AND AREAS OF IMPROVEMENT

О.М. MUZYCHUK, K.L. BUGAYCHUK — Sun, 22 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0300

The specific principles that appeared before the public administration in the conditions of martial law are singled out, in particular the principle of expanding the competence of the subject of public administration to meet the needs of the population and provide relevant services, the principle of adaptability of the subject of public administration, the principle of complementary activities with other subjects of public administration , the principle of the priority of public safety in the performance of tasks and functions by the subject of public administration, the principle of inadmissibility of cooperation with the occupation administration and the principle of initiative and broad independence of the manager.

On the basis of the identified principles, the peculiarities of public administration under martial law are highlighted. In the course of improving public administration under martial law, it is proposed to organize an effective training system for civil servants, in particular for managers of various levels, to attract international grants, to create the maximum possible conditions for resource, material technical and economic independence of subjects of public administration, to ensure a sufficient number of support and service personnel, to introduce new directions in the course of establishing close contact of scientists and practitioners in the field of analysis of everyday and new problems faced by subjects of public administration under martial law, to carry out thorough studies of complex interstate cooperation programs in European countries, in particular in the Polish-German border region, to improve regulatory, organizational, material and technical support for the activities of public administration subjects in the sphere of regulation of social processes generated by specific conditions of martial law, in particular mass problems of internally displaced persons, to scientifically understand projects in the field of social and humanitarian assistance to the population, which have acquired special importance in the conditions of martial law.

LEGAL REGULATION OF ENSURING THE TERRITORIAL DEFENSE OF UKRAINE BY LOCAL GOVERNMENT BODIES AND THE PLACE OF ADMINISTRATIVE LEGISLATION IN IT

I.V. ROMANSKY — Sun, 22 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0300

Attention is focused on the fact that the legal regulation of the provision of territorial defense of Ukraine by local self-government bodies is a regulatory and structuring influence on social relations carried out with the help of legal norms that arise in the sphere of forming conditions and guarantees for the most effective and complete implementation of socially and nationally important measures with territorial defense of Ukraine.

It has been found that the legal regulation of the provision of territorial defense of Ukraine by local self-government bodies consists of a large group of normative and legal acts, which include the Constitution of Ukraine, as well as international, legislative and by-law normative documents. It is emphasized that normative legal acts, the norms of which are aimed at regulating social relations in the researched area, are most expediently divided into: a) general ones that determine the status, powers and functions of local self-government, the order and peculiarities of the functioning of its components, etc.; b) special normative acts, which reveal the content of activities and powers directly in the direction of ensuring territorial defense.

It is noted that in the system of regulation of territorial defense of Ukraine by local self-government bodies, a key place is assigned to the norms of the administrative field of law, because it is with their help: a) the legal status of local self-government bodies is determined in general, and in the context of the implementation of territorial defense, in particular; b) administrative procedures for ensuring the territorial defense of Ukraine by local self-government bodies are revealed; c) administrative forms and methods of carrying out the relevant activities are established; d) the boundaries and directions of the investigated support are established.

REVIEW ON THE MONOGRAPH ANTONYUK N.O. «DIFFERENTIATION OF CRIMINAL LIABILITY IN CRIMINAL LAW OF UKRAINE»

S.F. DENYSOV — Sun, 22 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0300

The problem related to the differentiation of criminal liability 
is one of the basic ones for criminal law. After all, the differentiation o
f criminal responsibility is closely intertwined with all institutions of criminal law. 
Therefore, the study of both the very concept of this phenomenon and the types and means of 
differentiation is important both for the science of criminal law and for law enforcement practice. 
Questions related to the differentiation of criminal responsibility have always 
been relevant in the doctrine of criminal law.

THE HEURSTIC POTENTIAL OF THE GREAT UKRAINIAN CRIMINOLOGY ENCYCLOPEDIA WITHIN THE SPIRITUAL-VALUE CONCEPT OF LEGAL UNDERSTANDING: FEEDBACK-REVIEW AND PERSONAL MEMORIES

I.V. KRITSAK — Sun, 22 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0300

THE ESSENCE AND PECULIARITIES OF CUSTOMS RULES AS AN OBJECT OF LAW ENFORCEMENT RESPONSE

Y.V. BUKHARYEVA — Sun, 22 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0300

The article emphasizes that customs rules are a key element in regulating the movement of goods across the state border. They determine the procedure and conditions for conducting customs control, establish the obligation to submit declarations and documents necessary for the import and export of goods.
It is noted that the peculiarities of customs rules as an object of law enforcement response are reduced to their dynamism and constant adaptation to changes in international trade and the economic environment. Customs authorities must constantly improve their control strategies and methods to detect violations of customs rules and prevent losses for the state. The development of technologies is also reflected in the peculiarities of law enforcement response in customs affairs, in particular, the use of modern information systems for effective customs control is gaining significant potential.
It has been established that customs regulations are an important object in law enforcement activities aimed at ensuring security and efficient functioning of the economy. Their constant modernization and adaptation is necessary to take into account modern challenges and ensure effective control over the movement of goods across borders.

SOME THEORETICAL ISSUES OF THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE SYSTEM OF PRINCIPLES OF ADMINISTRATIVE LAW

A.V. KOMZІUK — Sun, 22 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0300

The article substantiates that despite the fact that the principles of administrative law of European states are generally stable in their legal nature they have constantly adapted to the modern conditions of the functioning of the EU, which is evolving as an organizational and legal structure. The European administrative space is rebuilt with the help of a set of general administrative principles, which are the standards of institutional construction in countries that are or wish to become full members of the European Union.
It is noted that the legal systems of the EU member states are in the process of constant convergence with many different areas that are under the influence of EU legislation, for example, through the legislative activity of the institution

ON THE DEFINITION OF SERVICE IN THE INVESTIGATIVE UNITS OF THE NATIONAL POLICE OF UKRAINE AS A TYPE

S.A. MASLENNIKOVA — Sun, 22 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0300

The article is devoted to the analysis of theoretical concepts regarding the content of the concepts of "service", "civil service", "public service". The author analyzes the peculiarities of application of the Laws of Ukraine "On the National Police" and "On Civil Service" in relation to service in the National Police of Ukraine and, in particular, in relation to service in the police investigation units. The article presents the author's vision of the general provisions of the definition of service in the investigative units of the National Police of Ukraine and its significance as a type of public service. The author establishes that the regulatory, legal, organizational, personnel and other principles of service in the investigative units of the National Police have their own specifics compared to the public service, although they are largely covered by this concept.
The author identifies the general features of service in police units which are similar to the features of public service in law enforcement agencies, and the specific features of service which are inherent in investigative police units. The author defines the specifics of service in the investigative units of the National Police, which is a public, politically impartial and professional activity of investigators and other employees (officers) appointed to positions in the investigative units of the National Police aimed at preventing, detecting, stopping, solving and investigating criminal offenses within the powers defined by the legislation of Ukraine.

CRIMINOLOGY ANALYSIS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CRIME IN UKRAINE: FROM THE ORDINARY SITUATION TO THE CONTEXT OF WAR

Y.V. ORLOV, Y.V. STUPNYK — Sun, 22 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0300

The article is devoted to the description of the main indicators of the state of environmental crime in Ukraine. It was established that systematic criminal practices of exploitation of the environment showed their stability even during the war. In 2022, the level of crime against the environment reached 4,018 criminal offenses, of which 742 were misdemeanors and 3,276 were felonies. In addition to the reduction of the territory of statistical accounting due to the temporary occupation of a part of the territory of Ukraine, the active conduct of hostilities, as well as significant migration of the population, the departure of about 8 million citizens outside the country, an equally important shift in law enforcement practice regarding damage to the environment, in particular towards qualifications as war crimes, i.e. under Art. 438 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. Ukraine faced what previously, including in the period from 2014 to 24.02.2022, was the exception rather than the rule – war crimes against the environment

GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE STATE OF SCIENTIFIC DEVELOPMENT OF ROAD TRAFFIC SAFETY PROBLEMS

A.O. STRIZHAK — Sun, 22 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0300

The scientific article emphasizes that the problem of "traffic", and in particular its "safety", is by no means deprived of the attention of scientists and practitioners. However, it is worth evaluating the real state of the problem's development based not on scientific, or even regulatory and legal achievements. After all, there are more objective indicators, namely: the number of traffic accidents that led to the death of people, injuries, material damage, etc. It has been proven that "traffic" is a phenomenon that is not only deeply integrated into the everyday life of every person, but also has broad objective connections with the economic state of the state in its various branches. This, without a doubt, justifies the large set and variety of normative legal acts that regulate individual issues of "traffic" and its "safety". A successful (quality) settlement of the issues of "traffic" and its "safety" requires finding a balance between a dynamic set of real safety risks, the latest technical and technological achievements and the significant advantages of expanding the space of officially permitted opportunities (for road users and for other persons, the content and the success of which depends on normalization of "traffic"). This feature determines the dynamism of the system of national regulatory and legal acts on the regulation of "traffic" issues, and also explains the involvement of a considerable number of subjects in the relevant measures for proper regulation at various levels of the issuance of regulatory and legal acts. Since the list of relevant entities, their separate rights and obligations are fixed in the Law of Ukraine "On Road Traffic" (which is already emphasized in the first articles of this Law), it is appropriate to consider this legislative act as a profile (main, special or sectoral) ) on defining issues of "administrative and legal regulation" of the specified problem. Attention is drawn to the fact that the intensity of the production of law-making initiatives and implemented innovations regarding the regulation of the peculiarities of the Law of Ukraine "On Road Traffic" remains quite high. This situation has been observed since the period when our state became aware of its European vector of development.

PUNISHMENT FOR INTENTIONAL DESTRUCTION OR DAMAGE OF HOUSING AND UTILITY FACILITIES

I.Y. TUR — Sun, 22 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0300

The article examines the problems of legislative construction of sanctions for the intentional destruction or damage of housing and communal facilities. Corresponding deficiencies in the types and amounts of punishments provided by the legislator for the commission of these offenses were revealed. On the basis of the analysis of judicial practice in matters of sentencing for criminal offenses, including for the intentional destruction or damage of objects of the housing and communal economy, a certain inconsistency with the declared goals of the punishment provided for in Art. 50 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. In particular, the amount of the fine provided for by the sanction of the article is in most cases much smaller than the actual amount of the damage caused and practically does not correspond to modern socio-economic realities, and taking into account that the majority of those convicted under Art. 270-1 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine are unemployed or those who do not have a basic income, fines and correctional works as the main types of punishment remain declarative, the execution of which is practically impossible for this category of persons. Thus, taking into account the nature and degree of public danger in the law enforcement activities of judicial bodies, there is a tendency to unjustifiably expand the use of punishment in the form of deprivation of liberty with further exemption from its actual serving on the basis of Art. 75 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine.

SPECIFIC PROBLEMS OF CRIMINAL LAW REGULATION UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF MARITAL STATE IN THE CONTEXT OF RESTORATION OF LAW ORDER IN THE DEOCCUPIED TERRITORIES OF UKRAINE

T.A. SHEVCUK — Sun, 22 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0300

In the conditions of martial law and repulsion of the armed aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine, a critically important direction is to ensure a high level of regulatory and legal support for the activities of the subjects of combating crime in strict accordance with the tasks set within the framework of the legal policy of the state in its criminological and criminal law dimensions.
The legislator amended the Criminal Code of Ukraine after the introduction of the legal regime of martial law in Ukraine, to ensure the constitutional order, territorial integrity, peace, protection of fundamental human rights and freedoms, property, public order and public safety from criminally illegal encroachments by legal means. However, law enforcement practice shows some difficulties arising in connection with the application of new provisions of the law.
In the publication, considering the achievements of scientists and the analysis of the practice of applying the relevant criminal law norms, several problematic issues that arise in the criminal law regulation of the relevant processes are highlighted.
It is summarized that the achievement of high quality of criminal law is possible only with the application of rules, techniques and means of legislative technique of its construction, the mandatory observance of which is the basis for preventing the imbalance of the system of the entire criminal legislation of Ukraine.

THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SUBJECT OF SUPPORT AND DEVELOPMENT OF BUSINESS UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF MARITAL STATE

V.V. VOSKOBOYNIKOV — Sun, 22 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0300

It is argued that in a general sense, the subject of business support and
development under martial law is a set of legal relationships associated with the
emergence of a business entity, the choice of directions of its activity and its
further improvement.
It is substantiated that the subject of business support and development is a
specific sphere of legal relations, which is affected by relevant measures, for
example: a simplified procedure for creating a business entity, improvement of
tax regulations based on a flexible taxation system, information support for the
results of business activities (organization of exhibitions, fairs , including
international ones), organization and holding of tenders for obtaining grants for
business related to the provision of security and defense needs (production of
drones, etc.), etc. In general, the subject under consideration can be called the
spheres of legal relations with the participation, on the one hand, of subjects of
business support and development, and on the other, potential or registered
subjects of business, whose activities contribute to the satisfaction of public
interests in overcoming the consequences of armed aggression, in including socio-
economic development of the state.

THE ROLE OF DIGITALIZATION IN THE ACTIVITIES OF EXECUTIVE GOVERNMENT BODIES REGARDING THE PROVISION OF ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICES TO NATURAL PERSONS-ENTREPRENEURS

S.M. POPOVA, М.А. TELNY — Sun, 22 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0300

The article analyzes the role and reveals the importance of digitization in
the activities of executive authorities in providing administrative services to
natural persons-entrepreneurs in today's conditions. The trend and direction of
the implementation of digitalization in the activities of executive authorities
regarding the provision of administrative services to natural persons-
entrepreneurs have been analyzed. The advantages and disadvantages of the
implementation of digitization are listed. It has been established that, as of today,
digitalization in the activities of executive authorities regarding the provision of
administrative services to natural persons-entrepreneurs is mainly of an
innovative nature, however, both applied and theoretical, as well as a legislative
basis can be seen for the Ukrainian state to strengthen its position at the level of
development of information and communication technologies and network
economy among other countries of the world.

CONCEPTS AND SIGNS OF FORENSIC TACTICS

K.K. HOVORUSCHAK — Sun, 22 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0300

In this article, it has been emphasized that the question of the legal nature
of forensic tactics is currently debatable, which is primarily due to the lack of
unified and clear views on its concept and features. An analysis of etymological,
semantic and scientific approaches to the interpretation of the terms “tactics”,
“forensic tactics” has been carried out. It has been found that the essence of
forensic tactics is revealed through the identification of its characteristic features.
The following features of forensic tactics have been singled out and characterized:
it is an independent part (section) of the science of forensics, which has close
connections with its other parts - forensic techniques and methods; founded and
uses within its application the assets of humanities and technical sciences; to a
greater extent, it is used in connection with a conflict situation, but it also has a
number of aspects of an organizational, regulatory, communicative, cognitive, etc.
nature; carried out by entities authorized by the criminal procedural law
(investigator, investigator, prosecutor, employees of operative units, defense
lawyers, court); is a set of scientifically based techniques and recommendations,
practical actions aimed at preventing and countering criminal offenses; has a
dynamic subject that expands due to the need to prevent and counter new types
of crime; aimed at collecting, accumulating, processing, researching and using
evidentiary information to ensure the fulfillment of the tasks of criminal
proceedings.

OVERVIEW OF COURT PRACTICE IN CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS ON MILITARY CRIMES

H.Y. BERSHOV — Sun, 22 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0300

In the article it has been emphasized that law enforcement practice plays a
significant role in the development of a unified approach to the application of the
norms of criminal material and procedural law, in particular during the
investigation of military crimes. It has been established that clarifying the state of
law enforcement practice in the investigation of military crimes is an important
component of the theoretical foundations of the study of these criminal offenses.
It has been substantiated that the law enforcement practice of investigating
military crimes reflects the level of: regulatory regulation of criminal procedural
activity; investigation organization; scientific, methodical and resource support;
effectiveness of the investigation process of the defined category of criminal
offenses. It has been established that one of the integral elements of the law
enforcement practice of investigating military crimes is the corresponding judicial
practice. This is explained by the fact that the latter must be unified, which means
taking into account the most important legal positions and conclusions from
criminal and criminal procedural law. It has been noted that law enforcement
practice in the investigation of military crimes is formed taking into account not only changes in criminal and criminal procedural legislation, as well as legislation
regulating the procedure for military service, but also taking into account judicial
practice in this category of criminal proceedings, especially the position of the
Supreme Court. It has been found that the case law of the Supreme Court in
criminal proceedings on military crimes concerns the following aspects: the
qualification of military crimes and their distinction from administrative military
offenses; application of the norms of criminal procedural legislation during pre-
trial investigation of military crimes and court proceedings in the studied
category of criminal proceedings.

PECULIARITIES OF STATE SECRET PROTECTION KNOWLEDGE CONTROL IN THE STATE CRIMINAL ENFORCEMENT SERVICE OF UKRAINE

D.E. DENISCHUK — Sun, 22 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0300

As a result of the study, the following features of the control of knowledge
on the protection of state secrets in the State Secret Service of Ukraine were
revealed: firstly, it is systematic and is carried out through the implementation of
various measures, the list of which is not clearly limited by legislation and may
vary to a certain extent depending on the situation; secondly, it covers all
employees of a separate entity of the State Security Service of Ukraine who have
permission to conduct activities related to state secrets; thirdly, the peculiarities
of the control of knowledge on the protection of state secrets have functionally
determined features that are amenable to classification, in particular, the
following groups can be distinguished: 1) by the entity that carries out control:
external or internal; 2) by the fact of documenting the results of the conducted
knowledge control: one that involves documentation and one that is conducted
without documenting and saving the results; 3) on the basis of documents, theknowledge of which is required from employees: those that have a seal of secrecy
or access restriction and those that do not have any seal of access restriction and
are non-confidential.

A RETROSPECTIVE OF THE FORMATION OF DEPARTMENTAL REGULATION OF THE PECULIARITIES OF THE ORGANIZATION OF THE SUPERVISION OF COMPLIANCE WITH THE LAWS BY BODIES CONDUCTING OPERATIVE AND INVESTIGATIVE ACTIVITIES, INQUIRIES, PRE-TRIAL INVESTIGATIONS

O.O. ILIENKOV — Sun, 22 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0300

The article is dedicated to revealing the retrospective of the establishment
of sectoral regulation of the features of organizing supervision of law enforcement
by bodies conducting operational-search activities, intelligence, pre-trial
investigation.
It is summarized that this type of supervisory activity by prosecutors
initially objectified the unity of the type direction of law enforcement agencies'
activities. However, not entirely, as there was a distribution of the specificity of its
implementation as a natural property of the text of the provisions of regulatory
legal acts separately for each object of inspections. However, it was quickly
realized that it was necessary to differentiate them as independent objects of
inspection (operational-search and pre-trial investigation), which should be
regulated by separate regulatory acts. Their provisions went through a long
process of transitioning from the Soviet model of general supervision to European
standards of specialized supervision, which is conditioned both by the nature and
purpose of these directions in law enforcement activities and by the scope and
limits of supervision procedures for their implementation.
It is believed that such an approach to supervision of law enforcement by
bodies conducting operational-search activities, intelligence, and pre-trial
investigation indicates the strategic direction of the prosecutor's office to
constantly improve procedures for ensuring the rule of law, protecting the rights
and interests of citizens, as well as mechanisms to increase society's trust in law
enforcement agencies. However, on the other hand, it took too long to realize the
true role of the prosecutor's office in these mechanisms and procedures, as
normative prescriptions had to correspond to the actual practical activities of
prosecutors, the identification of problematic aspects of which would gradually ensure more effective functioning of security agencies.

SYSTEM OF SUBJECTS FOR ENSURING INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION IN THE SPHERE OF PHYSICAL CULTURE AND SPORTS

O.O. USYK — Sun, 22 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0300

It was found that under the subject of ensuring international cooperation, it
is most appropriate to understand specially authorized state and non-state
institutions that are endowed with a special set of subjective rights and legal
obligations, which give them the opportunity to enter into legal relations that
arise due to the creation of conditions and organization of actual implementation
of effective international cooperation in the field of physical culture and sports.
It was concluded that the subjects of international cooperation in the field
of physical culture and sports are not limited to the Ministry of Youth and Sports
of Ukraine, but include a number of state institutions and organizations, each of which has its own special legal status, in particular: 1) Verkhovna Rada of
Ukraine; 2) Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine; 3) Ministry of Youth and Sports of
Ukraine; 4) National Anti-Doping Control Laboratory. Today, in our opinion, it is
important to create all the necessary conditions in order to ensure the
appropriate level of interaction in this field between the outlined subjects, which,
as it is seen, will allow: first, to create an appropriate regulatory and legal basis
for international cooperation in the field of physical culture and sports; secondly,
to ensure stability and consistency of state policy in the researched area.

SCIENTIFIC AND METHODOLOGICAL ENSURING THE ACTIVITIES OF THE TERRITORIAL OFFICES OF THE STATE BUREAU OF INVESTIGATIONS

R.I. BOGDANOV — Sun, 22 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0300

It has been established that in the majority of normative legal acts, which
determine the legal status of subjects who are the bearers of authority and
perform socially significant tasks and functions, the principle of scientificity is not
directly established as fundamental on a level with such initial, fundamental
requirements as the rule of law, legality, transparency, openness, etc. The
specified gap is also characteristic of the studied subjects, that is, the territorial
administration of the SBI, because neither in the current Law of Ukraine "On the
State Bureau of Ukraine" nor in the regulations on the territorial subdivisions of
the SBI, "scientific" is not listed among the main principles of organization and
activity.
It is summarized that today the state of scientific and methodological
support of the territorial administrations of the SBI needs improvement, because
currently we have a number of unresolved issues that prevent the proper
implementation of the principles of science in the work of the subjects under
study. Solving these problems requires making changes and some improvements
both at the regulatory and legal, and at the organizational and managerial level,
because in order for the scientific and methodological support to be really high-
quality and effective, that is, such that it really affects the indicators of the
efficiency and effectiveness of the work territorial administrations of the SBI, the
principles of this provision should be properly established at the level of current
legislation, as well as implemented in the practical plane through the relevant
institutions and tools, which are still not working at the proper level today.

FORENSIC ANALYSIS OF THE METHOD OF COMMITTING HOOLIGANISM

M.V. LEPEI — Sun, 22 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0300

The article is devoted to consideration of some aspects of hooliganism
investigation. The method of commission is analyzed as an element of the forensic
characteristics of the specified offense. It is noted that the method of committing a
criminal offense is considered by most scientists to be the central element of the
forensic characteristics of any illegal act. Indeed, the specified element is
characterized by constant correlation with all other components of the specified
scientific category. In the context of criminal proceedings initiated under Art. 296
of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, the method of execution does not lose its
importance, but, on the contrary, even increases its importance. Because hooligan
actions have various methods of direct execution, as well as methods of
preparation and concealment.
It is noted that hooligans can implement measures to prepare for their
commission, in particular: developing a plan of hooligan actions; selection of the
object of encroachment; searching for, adapting and preparing tools and means of
illegal actions; selection of accomplices and distribution of roles between them.
The following ways of directly committing hooliganism were found out, such as:
cynical body movements in combination with obscene swearing; disturbing the
peace of citizens in public places; resistance to representatives of law
enforcement agencies; causing bodily harm to law enforcement officers; use of
firearms, cold weapons, specially adapted objects for inflicting bodily injuries;
violation of the normal operation of enterprises, institutions, organizations; use of
pyrotechnics.
The following methods of concealing hooligan actions have been
established, such as: disappearing from the place of a violent act; disappearing
from the scene of the crime using a motor vehicle; destruction of tools of illegal
activity; liquidation of clothes, shoes; giving false testimony, including an alibi;
refusal to testify.

SUBJECT OF SUPERVISION AND CONTROL OF PRIVATE NOTARY ACTIVITIES IN UKRAINE

M.M. STRILCHUK — Sun, 22 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0300

The article is devoted to the problem of the subject of supervision and
control of private notary activities in Ukraine. The subject is a clarifying element
of the object, as it shows a direct list of data, things, actions and other factors of
the existence or work of the controlled, supervised object, which are analyzed or
checked. At the same time, the subject cannot be standardized, because it depends
on the unique features of the object and the sphere of social and legal relations in
which it exists. It is noted that the object of control and supervision within the
framework of our study is private notary activity, and the subject in this case is a
system of aspects that are checked and analyzed to establish the degree of
deviation or violation of legality by a private notary. At the same time, the subjects
of control and supervision differ, which is due to their internal characteristics.
It is emphasized that, unlike the subject of supervision, the subject of
control is broader and concerns the process of performing notarial activity, as
well as its organizational support. Performing control in this case involves not
only establishing the facts of violation of the relevant rules, but also correcting the
activity of a private notary, characterizing his current actions and actions taken,
with the aim of establishing deviations in the work and implementation of
notarial actions and ensuring the correction of the latter. This, in turn, involves
both the analysis of information and the verification of the material expression of
the activity of a private notary in the form of official documentation, as well as
documents on taxation issues, etc.

ORGANIZING AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE MURDER OF A HOSTAGE OR KIDNAPPED PERSON

A.V. NESTERENKO — Sun, 22 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0300

In this article, it has been emphasized that the murders of hostages or
kidnapped persons are characterized by a special public danger, which, in turn,
requires increased attention from law enforcement and judicial authorities. It has
been noted that the pre-trial investigation bodies must intensify their powers to
establish the identity of the criminal, collect evidence sufficient and necessary to
bring the guilty person to criminal responsibility and impose a punishment in
accordance with the degree of his guilt. The features of the organization of the
investigation of the murders of hostages or kidnapped persons have been
determined. It has been found that the features of the organization of the
investigation of the murders of hostages or kidnapped persons are due to the
complex mechanism of committing the specified type of murders, which, in fact,
combines elements of two illegal acts at once – illegal deprivation of liberty or
kidnapping of a person (Article 146 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine) or hostage-
taking (Article 147 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine) and intentional murder
(Article 115 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine). It has been established that at the
stage of opening criminal proceedings, close interaction begins with rapid
response units, which must penetrate the place of detention of a kidnapped
person or hostage, neutralize criminals and free victims; with psychologists, who
establish contact with criminals, negotiate with them and provide psychological
support for the work of police officers, including during their operational
activities and investigative (search) actions. It has been emphasized that an
important role in ensuring the success of the pre-trial investigation of the
murders of a hostage or kidnapped person is played by the establishment of close
and fruitful cooperation with the media and the public. Forms of using special
knowledge during the investigation of the murders of a hostage or kidnapped
person have been determined.

OVERVIEW OF FRAUDULENT SCHEMES WITH BANK CARDS

R.O. NESTERENKO — Sun, 22 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0300

In this article, it has been emphasized that the development of forensic
recommendations regarding the detection, documentation and pre-trial
investigation of bank card fraud, as well as regarding the organizational and
tactical support for conducting procedural actions in order to collect an
appropriate, reliable, admissible and appropriate evidentiary base, is considered
impossible without a preliminary clarification and review of the most widespread
and characteristic fraudulent schemes for the outlined sphere of public relations.
An analysis of scientific approaches to the systematization of methods of
committing fraud, including with bank cards, and analytical and reference
information on the most widespread fraudulent schemes in Ukraine has been
carried out. It has been found that bank card fraud is committed mainly using
information technologies, which greatly simplifies the achievement of the criminal intent, as it minimizes personal contacts of the criminal with his victims, expands
the “geography” and “spheres” of illegal activity, leaves fewer “traditional” traces
of criminal offenses, complicates the process of detecting, documenting and pre-
trial investigation of all episodes of criminal illegal activity, etc. It has been proven
that it is quite logical and justified to distinguish two groups of cybercrimes
against property, the structure of which also includes bank card fraud, depending
on the methods of their commission: cybercrimes against property committed
through psychological influence on a person, and cybercrimes against property
committed through influence on equipment. It has been emphasized that a
combination of both methods is increasingly common in the mechanism of
committing fraud with bank cards, in view of which it is proposed to additionally
distinguish mixed cybercrimes against property, which are committed
simultaneously using social engineering and influencing equipment.

SYSTEM OF SUBJECTS OF ENSURING LEGALITY DURING THE ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE

I.M. POPOVICH — Sun, 22 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0300

The article, based on the analysis of the scientific views of scientists and the
norms of current legislation, identifies a range of key subjects of ensuring legality
during the administration of justice. It is argued that each of the specified subjects
has its own, special administrative and legal status. The author's vision of the
classification of subjects of ensuring legality during the administration of justice is
proposed. Ensuring legality during the administration of justice is a set of
interrelated elements that, in interaction with each other, form a holistic complex
mechanism. One of the key elements in the studied context are the subjects of
such activities. At the same time, each of the specified subjects has its own, special
administrative and legal status.
A rather diverse range of subjects is noted that directly or indirectly contribute to ensuring legality during the administration of justice. The latter are
proposed to be divided into groups using various differentiation criteria, in
particular, 1) by subject composition: a) individual (judges, individual
representatives of the public, participants in the trial (plaintiff, defendant,
defendant, victim, witness, etc.), interested in observing the law); b) collective (in
particular, the Supreme Court of Justice); 2) by their relationship to the act of
justice, they are divided into those whose actions are performed during the act of
justice itself, and those who have an indirect influence on it (for example, through
the formation of the personnel of the courts); 3) by the features of the
administrative and legal status, it is advisable to distinguish: firstly, those directly
responsible for ensuring legality during the administration of justice (first
instance judges); secondly, subjects who verify compliance with the requirements
of the legality of court decisions as acts of justice (judges of the appellate and
cassation instances); thirdly, entities that promote the independence of judges in
the administration of justice in order to ensure legality, including on the basis of
adequate staffing (judicial governance and self-government bodies); fourthly,
state authorities that shape the content of legality, primarily the Verkhovna Rada
as the sole legislative body.

PROTECTION OF THE RIGHTS OF CONSUMERS OF MEDICAL SERVICES: LEGAL NATURE, FEATURES AND MECHANISMS OF LEGAL PROTECTION

V.I. TEREMETSKYI — Sun, 22 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0300

The article examines the essence of protection of the rights of healthcare
consumers. The study of the protection of the rights of healthcare consumers is
normative, as it was conducted as a result of explaining the data arising from
scientific concepts, legal norms, library materials, and Ukrainian judicial practice
in the field of patient protection. In writing this article, the author used general
scientific (analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, abstraction and
concretization, analogy, forecasting and modeling, etc.) and special (formal legal,
comparative legal, formal legal methods, etc.) research methods.
The author characterizes the legal relations for protection of the rights of
consumers of medical services. The author identifies the main participants of such
relations, in particular, consumers of medical services and providers of these
services, as well as auxiliary subjects, which include lawyers providing legal
advice on mechanisms for protecting medical rights, courts and other state bodies
responsible for implementing health care policy. The author substantiates that
legal relations for the protection of healthcare consumers’ rights are
characterized by the following features: emergence and implementation in the
healthcare sector; participation of entities with a special legal status (e.g., a
patient - a medical institution); comprehensive application of legal provisions on
healthcare law and consumer protection legislation; and the existence of a
violation of healthcare rights.
The author concludes that the basis for the emergence of legal relations for
the protection of the rights of healthcare consumers is the legal fact of violation of
the patient’s medical rights in the form of a medical tort. At the same time, the
object of protection of the rights of consumers of medical services is an absolute
good - personal intangible goods (life, health).

FEATURES OF ENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIVITY AS AN OBJECT OF ADMINISTRATIVE-LEGAL REGULATION

O.V. VAPLYARUK — Sun, 22 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0300

The article is devoted to the theoretical and legal analysis of
entrepreneurial activity as an object of administrative-legal regulation. Special
attention is paid to the main problems of the development of entrepreneurial
activity under martial law and economic crisis. A definition of the concept of
"entrepreneurial activity" is proposed, and the key features of such activity are
listed. The opinion is substantiated that entrepreneurial activity is controlled and
regulated by the state using an administrative-legal mechanism. The author's
definition of the concept of "administrative-legal regulation of entrepreneurial
activity" is proposed. The main tasks of administrative-legal regulation of
entrepreneurial activity are determined, in particular: ensuring administrative-
legal protection of entrepreneurial activity; implementation of administrative
control and supervision over compliance with legislation in the specified area;
ensuring compliance with fair competition; compliance with the administrative
procedure in the field of state registration of legal entities and individual
entrepreneurs, etc. The main instruments of administrative and legal influence on
entrepreneurial activity are characterized, such as: technical regulation; state
registration of business entities; licensing, standardization, certification; granting
of permits, patents, quotas; state economic support for business entities, etc. The
thesis is substantiated that entrepreneurial activity is an object of influence of
administrative law norms. It is stated that entrepreneurial activity is a complex,
multifaceted object of administrative and legal regulation. It is found out that
thanks to special administrative instruments, the state ensures compliance with
the law, protects public interests and creates conditions for sustainable business
development. It is summarized that entrepreneurial activity, as an object of
administrative and legal regulation, is characterized by a combination of
economic freedom and administrative and legal supervision and control. The
article identifies the main characteristic features of entrepreneurial activity, as an
object of administrative and legal regulation.

TASKS OF THE ACTIVITIES OF THE DEPARTMENTS OF OPERATIONAL- TERRITORIAL ASSOCIATIONS OF THE NATIONAL GUARD OF UKRAINE AS SUBJECTS OF ENSURING NATIONAL SECURITY

O.O. SAKHON — Sun, 22 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0300

The article emphasizes that the activities of any public authority consist of a
system of interrelated tasks, some of which, the most fundamental, organically
arise from state policy and are defined at the regulatory and legal level, and some
reflect the main trends in the development of society and the state, the latest
digital and technological achievements of mankind, including crisis challenges
facing the state, in particular epidemics (pandemics), emergencies and martial
law.
It is argued that the basis of the tasks of ensuring national security are
combat tasks, which become a tactical tool for their implementation in the
conditions of active hostilities. The tasks of ensuring national security determine
the goals and scope of combat tasks, forming the ideological, organizational,
regulatory and legal foundations of their implementation, determining their
vocation in view of a comprehensive vision of the main threats to political,
military, economic and information security. It is noted that the specifics of the
implementation of tasks to ensure national security are closely related to the
context within which they are directly implemented. This context is formed by the
dynamics of hostilities, the foreign policy component, as well as current economic
and financial problems.
It is emphasized that, given the outlined provisions, the leading tasks of the
departments of the operational-territorial formations of the National Guard of
Ukraine as subjects of ensuring national security, which were especially relevant
in the conditions of a full-scale invasion, should include: protection of state
sovereignty and territorial integrity; protection of critical infrastructure;
operational and combat training of military personnel; international cooperation
in the field of ensuring national security.