PROBLEMS AFFECTING THE INFORMATION ECOSYSTEM: DISINFORMATION, MISINFORMATION AND HATE SPEECH

Abstract

In the article, disinformation, misinformation and hate speech from the
problems affecting the information ecosystem were legally analyzed in a related
form. There are two main challenges in preventing and legally regulating
disinformation and misinformation. First, there are gaps in the mechanism for
verifying the authenticity of information disseminated online. Determining the
subject who will decide which information is false and which is true is a problematic
issue. Although it is possible to regulate such identification at the national level, it is
absurd to verify the authenticity of all the information spread by users from
different countries on different platforms. Second, tightening the fight against
disinformation and misinformation can create serious restrictions on freedom of
thought and speech. A very strict regulatory framework would limit what people can
do on social platforms and stifle innovation and free expression. Therefore, the
struggle should be conducted unilaterally, that is, not only within the framework of
state bodies, but at the level of cooperation between all participating parties - public
institutions, platforms, people and civil society.
As for hate speech, this form of negative expression, which is associated with
discrimination in most legal regulations, has a broader content. The article presents
a more correct legal approach based on the analysis of the legal framework of
various states, and comments on the legal aspects of measures to combat hate
speech.