TYPICAL TIME, PLACE, AND SETTING FOR BANK CARD FRAUD

Abstract

In this article, it has been emphasized that the mechanism of committing
bank card fraud is characterized by the presence of direct dependencies between
the methods of committing them and the time, place and circumstances, which, in
turn, determine the typical traces of the specified criminal offenses. It has been
emphasized that the mandatory and informative elements of the forensic
characterization are the time, place and circumstances of committing bank card
fraud. An analysis of scientific approaches to interpreting the essence and content
of the time, place and circumstances of committing a criminal offense as an
element of forensic characterization has been carried out. The typical time, place
and circumstances of committing bank card fraud have been determined. It has
been established that bank card fraud is characterized by a wide geography and
covers all regions of Ukraine. It has been noted that criminals can actually be
located outside of Ukraine. It has been proven that the time of committing bank
card fraud depends on the specific fraudulent scheme and may coincide with:
working hours of banking institutions, time of withdrawing funds from ATMs,
time of making online purchases, time of processing “assistance (social
payment)”, etc. It has been established that the situation of committing bank card
fraud is a system of circumstances that determine the scope of their commission.
The nature of social relations that the criminal offenses under investigation
encroach on, the level of their regulation directly determine the conditions for
committing an offense in this area. The situation of bank card fraud has been
determined simultaneously by the scope of banking relations and information
technologies. It has been found that a considerable number of the offenses under
investigation are committed in cyberspace, using cyber tools. It has been
emphasized that an equally important role in the mechanism of committing fraud
with bank cards is played by the state of war in Ukraine, which led to the internal
displacement of a large number of citizens, a decrease in the socio-economic
standard of living of citizens, an increase in the types of social payments and
humanitarian assistance to certain categories of persons, etc. It has been noted
that criminals actively use these conditions when searching for potential victims,
choosing fraudulent schemes and methods of their implementation.