THE CONTENT OF THE CRIMINALISTIC CHARACTERISTIC OF COUNTERACTION TO THE INVESTIGATION OF CRIMINAL OFFENCES

Abstract

The article argues that the content of the criminalistic (forensic) 
characteristic of counteraction to investigation constitutes an integrated system 
of typical data points orienting the detection and neutralisation of unlawful 
influence on proof. Its core comprises: (1) a subject block (organisers, direct 
perpetrators, intermediaries, affiliated persons, corrupt officials, and participants 
acting out of fear/self-preservation), with an assessment of network ties; (2) a 
motivational–teleological block (evasion of criminal liability, maintenance of 
control over resources and information, minimisation of legal and reputational 
risks); (3) objects of influence as carriers of evidentiary information (persons, 
physical and documentary sources, registry entries and data, procedural steps 
and time-limits); (4) modes and context of counteraction (false testimony, 
concealment, fabrication/destruction of evidence, physical/psychological 
pressure, corrupt practices, media manipulation, disclosure of the secrecy of the 
pre-trial investigation, dilatory tactics), together with indicia of coordinated 
action, abuse of official position, complex chains of transfer of items and data, 
cross-border features, and information asymmetry; (5) the trace pattern in 
material, digital, communicative and procedural dimensions. This structure sets a 
list of verifiable indicators and defines relevant sources (official registers, digital 
traces, protocols of overt and covert investigative actions, expert opinions) for 
building substantiated versions and counter-measures.